|
Test |
Normal Value |
Clinical Significance |
| Acid Phosphatase (ACP) |
0.1 - 5.0 U/dl |
values increases in prostatic cancer , some
liver diseases , hyper para thyroidism , hemolytic
anemia,sickle cell crisisValues are decreased in Down
syndrome
|
| Alkaline phospatase (ALP) |
4 -13 U/dl |
Increases in some liver and bone diseases ,
hyper para thyroidism , pregnancy
Decreases in cretinism , growth retardation ,scurvy , achondroplasia
|
| Alpha feto protien
(AFP) |
Non pregnant adult
<25 ng /ml |
In amniotic fluid and maternal blood values
increase with the faulty development of the fetal nervous
system especially neural tube defect such as spina bifidaIn
non pregnant adult values increases in liver cancer ,cirrhosis
, chronic active hepatitis
|
Alanin amino transferase(ALT)
Serum glutamic - pyrudic transaminase (SGPT ) |
5 - 40 U/L |
Increases in liver diseases , liver damage due
to toxic drugs |
| Aspartate amino transferase(AST) Serum
glutamic - oxaloacetic transaminas(SGOT) |
5-40 U/L |
Incease in miocardial infraction ,liver
disease ,trauma to skeletal muscles, sever burn Decrease in
beriberi ,uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with acidosis |
| Ammonia |
20 - 120 mg/dl |
Increase in liver disease ,heart failure ,
Emphysema ,pneumonia ,corpulmonale ,erithroblastosis fetalis
|
| Amylase |
25 -125 U/Lit |
Increase in acute pancreatitis ,momps ,obstruction of
pancreatic ductDecrease in hepatitis , cirrhosis , toxemia
of pregnancy
|
| Bilirubin |
Conjugated :
<0.5 mg/dl
Unconjugated :
0.2 - 1.0 mg/dl
Newborn :
1.0 - 12.o mg/dl |
Increase in conjugated bilirubin probably
results from lived dysfunction or biliary obstruction
Increase in unconjugated bilirubin probably results from
excessive hemolysis of RBCs
|
| Blood urea and nitrogen (BUN ) |
8 - 26 mg/dl |
Increase in kidney disease ,shock ,dehydration
,diabetes ,acute myocardial infraction
Decrease in liver failure ,impaired absorbtion ,over
hydration
|
| Calcium ( Ca / Ca2+) |
Total
9 - 11 mg/dl
Ionized
4.5 - 5.5 mg/dl |
Increase in cancer ,hyperparathyroidism ,
Addison's disease ,hyperthyroidism , Paget's disease
Decrease in hypoparathyrodism ,chronic renal failure ,osteomalacia
,rickets ,diarrhea
|
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
Arterial
19 - 24 mEq/l
Venous
22 - 26 mEq/l
|
Increase in severe vomiting ,emphysima ,eldosteronism
Decrease in severe diarrhea ,starvation ,acute renal
failure
|
| Carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) |
Arterial
35 - 40 mm Hg
Venous
45 mm Hg |
Increase in hypoventilation ,obstructive lung disease
,emphysemaDecrease in hyper ventilation ,hypoxia and
pregnancy
|
